Oncology Hub
The Hallmarks of Cancer
An animated visual guide to the six foundational capabilities that enable cancer development, as described by Hanahan & Weinberg (2000).
Educational Animation
The Hallmarks of Cancer — Animated
This animation covers the six classic hallmarks: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion & metastasis.
The Six Hallmarks
Biological capabilities of cancer
In their landmark 2000 paper in Cell, Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg proposed that the vast catalog of cancer cell genotypes is a manifestation of six essential alterations in cell physiology that collectively dictate malignant growth.
1.Sustaining proliferative signaling
2.Evading growth suppressors
3.Resisting cell death (apoptosis)
4.Enabling replicative immortality
5.Inducing angiogenesis
6.Activating invasion & metastasis
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The Hallmarks of Cancer. Cell. 2000;100(1):57-70.